When is it permissible to use the shoulder to pull over?

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The shoulder is intended as an emergency stopping lane, not a place for routine breaks. You may pull over onto the shoulder only when there’s an actual emergency or your vehicle can’t move. Stopping there for a regular break or to wait for something is unsafe and can block or surprise other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash. If you must stop because of a breakdown or immediate hazard, turn on your hazard lights, move as far off the roadway as safely possible, and stay in or near the vehicle until help arrives. For non-emergency stops, use a designated turnout, rest area, or service road away from the main traffic lanes.